FSSAI Labels Packaged Drinking & Mineral Water as ‘High-Risk’ Food, Enforces Stricter Regulations

In a move to enhance consumer safety, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has designated packaged drinking water and mineral water as part of the ‘High-Risk Food Category.’ This classification subjects them to stricter quality controls, frequent inspections, and heightened regulatory oversight. High-risk foods are those susceptible to contamination and potential health hazards. Other items in this category include dairy, meat, seafood, infant food, and ready-to-eat products.

Under the updated regulations, manufacturers are now required to undergo annual facility inspections and third-party food safety audits approved by FSSAI. This initiative aims to enhance quality standards and reduce health risks associated with bottled water consumption. A 2024 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that bottled water contains 10 to 100 times more plastic particles than previously estimated. Researchers determined that a single litre of bottled water holds an average of 240,000 plastic particles, with 90% classified as nanoplastics so small that they cannot be seen under a microscope. 

The study highlights the potential dangers of nanoplastics, which can enter the bloodstream through the digestive system or lungs, possibly carrying harmful chemicals throughout the body. Sherri Mason, Director of Sustainability at Penn State Behrend, underscored these risks, stating that...“These findings reinforce long-standing advice to drink tap water from glass or stainless steel containers to limit plastic exposure. The same caution applies to food and beverages packaged in plastic.”

Further adding to the concern, Phoebe Stapleton, an associate professor at Rutgers University and co-author of the study, highlighted that micro and nanoplastics have been detected in human blood, lung tissue, the placenta, and even in human waste. As the demand for mineral, alkaline, and black alkaline water grows, brands often promote them as superior hydration choices. However, experts argue that there is little scientific evidence to support these claims. Nutritionist Tanya Sahni pointed out that much of this is driven by marketing strategies. While some products contain added minerals or originate from natural sources, their benefits rarely exceed those of clean, regular water.  

To minimise plastic exposure and health risks, recommendations can be followed:

• Carry a reusable water bottle or use metal/paper cups
• If purchasing bottled water, opt for glass bottles
• Choose BPA-free plastic bottles if glass is unavailable
• Store plastic-bottled water away from heat, as high temperatures can cause BPA (a harmful chemical linked to cancer, diabetes, and heart disease) to leach into the water

Similarly, holistic nutritionist Shalu Nijhawan cautioned against misleading branding, noting that terms like “Himalayan water” or “pure mineral water” are often marketing tactics. She advised consumers to verify Standards Authority of India FSSAI certification and check for reliable labeling, as most bottled water undergoes processing and repackaging.  One of the latest trends, black alkaline water, is promoted for its supposed detoxifying properties, hydration benefits, and enhanced nutrient absorption due to its fulvic acid content. However, research has yet to confirm whether it offers any significant advantages over clean, filtered water for everyday consumption.

As concerns about plastic contamination continue to rise, making well-informed decisions about water consumption is essential for maintaining long-term health.